
OSI layers 7: application (HTTP) 6: presentation (SSL) 5: session (RPC) 4: transport (TCP, UDP) 3: network (IP) 2: data link (MAC) 1: physical (PHY) Note: The Internet Protocol Suite is generally described in four (or "four plus one") layers. protocols basics HTTP sockets UDP, TCP IPv4, IPv6 SLIP errors detection, correction block, convolution codes parity, checksum, Hamming, Reed-Solomon, Turbo channel sharing Master-Slave Token Ring TDMA: Time-Division Multiple Access FDMA: Frequency-Division Multiple Access ALOHA CSMA: Carrier-Sense Multiple Access CD: Collision Detection CA: Collision Avoidance 1-persistent: transmit when clear nonpersistent: random backoff p-persistent: probability to transmit CDMA: Code-Division Multiple Access "PDMA": Physical-Division Multiple Access physical media Shannon Capacity bandwidth * log_2 (signal/noise) wired single-ended, differential, powerline open collector, open drain transmission (pass) gate, tri-state transmission line waveguide EIA RS232, 422, 485 802.3 ethernet SONET optical fiber wireless RF FCC Part 15 ISM Bluetooth 802.15.4 ZigBee 6LoWPAN, ROLL optical acoustic modulation PCM: Pulse-Code Modulation PPM: Pulse-Position Modulation OOK: On-Off Keying FSK: Frequency-Shift Keying BPSK: Binary Phase-Shift Keying QAM: Quadrature Amplitude Modulation OFDM: Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing FHSS: Frequency-Hopping Spread Spectrum DSSS: Direct-Sequence Spread Spectrum UWB: Ultra-WideBand Internet 0 clicks implementations i0.3.IO.44.cad i0.3.IO.44.thtpv4.asm i0.3.serial.44.cad i0.3.serial.44.packetv4.asm i0.3.hub.4.cad Wireshark, slattach thtpv4.py radios oscillator, mixer, PA, LNA, IF, I/Q, demod, baseband, filters Q, antenna gain, impedance matching software radio National Semiconductor LMX9838SB/NOPB Atmel AT86RF230-ZU Microchip MRF49XA-I/ST RFM TRC103 Silicon Laboratories Si4421-A1-FT Atmel ATmega128RFA1 hello_radio assignment build a network with at least two nodes