diff --git a/.jekyll-metadata b/.jekyll-metadata new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..b4a2e91edee99e2ab503d11e39b4340ef7d57984 Binary files /dev/null and b/.jekyll-metadata differ diff --git a/_config.yml b/_config.yml index 8cf99c1eb469a359dbed3bdf5a751ae438a0dd14..4c16fbe8c2aee14ede5309c7a17da7129638ca8a 100644 --- a/_config.yml +++ b/_config.yml @@ -15,5 +15,5 @@ callouts: title: Note color: purple -url: https://quentinbolsee.pages.cba.mit.edu -baseurl: mas865.24_computer-vision +# url: https://quentinbolsee.pages.cba.mit.edu +# baseurl: mas865.24_computer-vision diff --git a/topics/01_cameras/img/aperture.png b/topics/01_cameras/img/aperture.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..a06f0948c0f9a8f8566cf23ae4cc68c569650ab7 Binary files /dev/null and b/topics/01_cameras/img/aperture.png differ diff --git a/topics/01_cameras/img/bayer.png b/topics/01_cameras/img/bayer.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..7ef0df02ef57732179563a875c92aab77e8e8666 Binary files /dev/null and b/topics/01_cameras/img/bayer.png differ diff --git a/topics/01_cameras/img/lens_distortion.png b/topics/01_cameras/img/lens_distortion.png new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..d5978ae3911cb216fba82aed8eb365b8a638b934 Binary files /dev/null and b/topics/01_cameras/img/lens_distortion.png differ diff --git a/topics/01_cameras/img/shutter.gif b/topics/01_cameras/img/shutter.gif new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..2f0ab2efbb17232a4561baf1d7171057e59f166b Binary files /dev/null and b/topics/01_cameras/img/shutter.gif differ diff --git a/topics/01_cameras/index.md b/topics/01_cameras/index.md index 4a805fc2dff1cacce951b4191847f8c6e350a9e6..390ddbaeb6a450fa493b1c8fe50e6978615f205c 100644 --- a/topics/01_cameras/index.md +++ b/topics/01_cameras/index.md @@ -127,11 +127,27 @@ The image plane is an imaginary construct sitting in front of the sensor, at one It is common to choose the $z$ axis to point **toward** the scene, and the $y$ axis to point downward. This matches the conventional downward-pointing vertical coordinates in pixel coordinates, with $(u,v)=(0,0)$ in the top-left corner. -## CCD +## Technologies -## CMOS +We'll focus on the two main families of digital sensors: CCD and CMOS. -## Bayer pattern +In both families, the actual light sensing is based on the electron-hole pair generation in MOS devices. + +### CCD + +In CCD sensors, the generated charges in the photodiodes are accumulated under a potential well, controlled by a voltage on the gate. + +Charges can be moved to a neighboring pixel by performing a specific sequence on the gates. By shifting the charges all the way to the edge of the sensor, individual pixel values can be readout sequentially. + +Advantage of CCD sensors include the simplicity of their design, and the large surface dedicated to sensing light. One disadvantage is the readout speed bottleneck caused by using a single decoding unit. + +### CMOS + +## Bayer filter + + + +<!-- source:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayer_filter --> # Lens @@ -139,14 +155,30 @@ It is common to choose the $z$ axis to point **toward** the scene, and the $y$ a ## Distortion + + # Aperture + + +<!-- source:https://www.adorama.com/alc/camera-basics-aperture/ --> + # Shutter ## Mechanical shutter + + +<!-- source:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CmjeCchGRQo --> + ## Electronic shutter # Photography basics -## The 3 parameters: shutter speed, aperture, ISO +## The 3 parameters + +- Aperture +- Shutter speed +- ISO + +Each parameter can be converted to a $\log_2$ scale. A common name for a unit on that scale is a **stop**. For example, increasing exposure by one stop can be achieved by doubling the shutter speed, doubling the ISO or increasing the aperture by $\sqrt{2}$.